First, the titanium dioxide layer is prepared by sintering TiO2 nanoparticles at temperature range from 300 oC to 500 oC. The sintering process takes place on the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass plate, which is put into furnace heated uniformly for about twenty minutes. This process gets rid of the ambient moisture within the Titania layer, which is needed to ensure electrical contact between the titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and a good adhesion to the TCO (transparent conductive oxide) glass plate. Sintering of the layer can be done at 150 oC, however, it results in less performance than those sintered at 450 oC as mentioned in the research paper written by P.M. Sommeling in ECN Solar Energy. Then the layer is soaked in the dye solution to let the dyes get absorbed into the TiO2 surfaces. At last, the layer is put into a drying furnace. The titania is baked at 100 oC, and allowed for cooling.
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