In an ultrasonic belt cleaner, the solvent vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies. These ultrasonic waves cause extremely rapid pressure decreases and increases in the fluid. The sudden decrease develops instants where the water can no longer exist in a fluid state and, as a result, gas bubbles form. In other words, water can only exist in a liquid state above a minimum pressure (the threshold of cavitation). When the pressure decreases below the critical pressure, the water becomes a gas and evaporates. Then, at the ensuing increase in pressure, the gas bubbles will collapse again. This process of creating minute bubbles in the liquid is known as cavitation and it is responsible for the scrubbing effect that propagates ultrasonic cleaning.
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