tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2238816115626609132024-02-21T08:45:45.461-08:00FurnacePro."Providing Smarter Solutions"
www.beltfurnaces.comTorrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.comBlogger133125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-13586584315731957992015-02-18T12:05:00.000-08:002015-02-18T12:05:26.243-08:00Start Your Furnace Project with 6 Questions<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The photo below shows the control panel of a customized furnace. It is for our customer doing metal annealing process in Europe. Like many customized equipment, there are a lot of details to consider when it comes to the entire design of a belt furnace system. The following 6 questions are good ones to start with.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaa6t9bATjfmKeBvmEMT4ZWf9ek-XEfQDyNRgpIe6jOmIXwmU6MukZuc4TY-latNayO3cuCGl3IEytIjI9TKFhaQV04OTZNh_XCz3dmWlEdrmFP21h3kbD2Zs9-xphHs3UKv3KkW1_Nrfc/s1600/%E5%B7%8D%E5%B3%A8%E5%B7%8D%E5%B3%A8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaa6t9bATjfmKeBvmEMT4ZWf9ek-XEfQDyNRgpIe6jOmIXwmU6MukZuc4TY-latNayO3cuCGl3IEytIjI9TKFhaQV04OTZNh_XCz3dmWlEdrmFP21h3kbD2Zs9-xphHs3UKv3KkW1_Nrfc/s1600/%E5%B7%8D%E5%B3%A8%E5%B7%8D%E5%B3%A8.jpg" height="285" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1)What is the application?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Some common applications are thick film firing/drying, paste drying, glass to metal sealing, solar cell processing, soldering, brazing, sintering, annealing, curing.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2)What is the product material, dimension, weight? What carrier do you use to hold the products in the furnace?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will help decide the belt loading capacity, chamber dimension, driving power, how easy it can be heated or cooled.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3)What is the desired productivity?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will help the design of furnace length, belt width, belt speed.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4)What is the time-temperature profile?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will help design the heating zones, cooling method(air cooling or water cooling).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5)What is the atmosphere requirement?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Common atmospheres are air, N2, Ar, H2, O2.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6)What is the footprint limit(max length/width of the furnace)?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This will ensure the furnace can fit the facility.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<blockquote style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 40px; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
The root of a perfect design lies in the good communications between designers and end users.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="right" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; padding: 0px 40px 0px 5px; quotes: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
------Torrey Hills Tech Furnace Team</blockquote>
Welcome communicate with us!<br />
<br />
http://www.beltfurnaces.com/<br />
<br />
<br />
Contact: Sean Song<br />
<br />
song@torreyhillstech.comTorrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-85767838736653629952015-01-28T10:41:00.002-08:002015-01-28T10:42:27.088-08:00Do I need a belt furnace for BBQ?--3 Reasons Not to Use a Belt Furnace<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The yummy picture was taken last Friday. My colleagues and I cooked BBQ lunch together. Though we deal with belt furnace everyday, we used two batch ovens. Our reason is a belt furnace does not have a sauce dispenser inside!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXMULOhatLdkY6uHckZsfMdO52GwPS4mgPuHEIrXiOwQYYKGQzdTmoWv3T2-BfuoURONR4EW_qJeFwVaSASsoVax2wAm_3Grr7X71HmW8Pt96ESHZW4yInF3py86_20Fq-F341QA_CTGzd/s1600/bd5a3096jw1eok703c9vvj20hs0dcwhy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXMULOhatLdkY6uHckZsfMdO52GwPS4mgPuHEIrXiOwQYYKGQzdTmoWv3T2-BfuoURONR4EW_qJeFwVaSASsoVax2wAm_3Grr7X71HmW8Pt96ESHZW4yInF3py86_20Fq-F341QA_CTGzd/s1600/bd5a3096jw1eok703c9vvj20hs0dcwhy.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Unlike BBQ, more and more manufactures are changing from batch production to continuous production. In furnace application industry, this corresponds to changing from batch furnaces to belt furnaces. Though this is the trend, there are reasons not to do so.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. A belt furnace is expensive</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Good point. But you can increase productivity and save labor cost by implementing continuous production.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. A belt furnace takes up much space</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
That is true. Some big belt furnace can be over 100ft long. Not every facility can hold such a long tool. One can use multiple shorter furnaces instead of a big one---each furnace runs at lower belt speed and smaller productivity, but adding up contributions of each furnace will get the expected productivity. Multiple smaller furnaces also improves redundancy—even one of the furnaces needs maintenance, other furnaces can keep the production going on.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. My product is so heavy that the belt loading capacity is exceeded.</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Very practical question. Though we can use reinforced belt with loading capacity over 25 lb/ft2, some products are much heavier. Pusher kiln may be a good option for continues production for super heavy products.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
What is your reason to say "Yes" or "No" to continuous production in heat treatment process? How do you like the idea of a BBQ belt furnace?</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Interested in a belt furnace, see more at http://www.beltfurnaces.com/</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4d4f51; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-5711343633063797252015-01-16T16:21:00.002-08:002015-01-16T16:22:34.983-08:00More Hydrogen, Less Oxidization?<div class="MsoNormal">
One of our atmosphere furnace users recently consulted us
regarding the surface brightness of the SS products. The user found the SS
product surface had oxidization and then increased H2 flow rate expecting to
solve the oxidization, but turned out the oxidization issue was not getting
better. It is a little confusing. “More H2, less oxidization”, should not it be
true?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
H2 is a common reducing atmosphere. It has been used in
applications like annealing, brazing and etc. According to our experience, H2
plays an important role in achieving bright surface finish for metals like SS,
silver and etc. In brazing, H2 has the effect to improve the wettability by removing
the oxidization surface of the melting filler material.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, it is not always true that more H2 equals less
oxidization. Here is why.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">H2 source can contain impurities like water,
oxygen.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">H2 can react with oxidizations on the metal belt
surface and produce H2O. Then the H2O can react with the SS product in the
furnace, causing SS oxidization. In this case, H2 acts like a carrier that
transfer the oxygen element from metal belt oxidization layer to the SS
product.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Knowing why more H2 may not be beneficial, what can we do to
eliminate product oxidization? Here is our suggestions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Choose high purity gas. Dew point of the gas
needs to be below -50C for SS bright surface finish. When necessary, use gas
purifier before connecting the gas to the furnace</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Adjust flow rate of N2 to help lower down the O2
level in the furnace chamber. For gas cost and safety concerns, it is
recommended to choose N2 as the major gas to control O2 level.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Maintain clean operation of the furnace belt.
Using in-line ultrasonic belt cleaner is a good option. </span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
After several trials, our furnace user was happy to get the
bright surface finish.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJYFqs76yzdDC9S75nZ4ekl5kkERHDnlc9OknG9vxQ2iu5XpA-k2Bv3flEceVVKyQvnd8F77TJWe_Qu2QppoB6t5_G_ar4GGuoxoSj2F6ulfOpew2DeKtAwR4NCJNwLC2e1POnNT9FP-Yz/s1600/furnace+inside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJYFqs76yzdDC9S75nZ4ekl5kkERHDnlc9OknG9vxQ2iu5XpA-k2Bv3flEceVVKyQvnd8F77TJWe_Qu2QppoB6t5_G_ar4GGuoxoSj2F6ulfOpew2DeKtAwR4NCJNwLC2e1POnNT9FP-Yz/s1600/furnace+inside.jpg" height="256" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Have you encountered oxidization issues when using a belt
furnace? How do you solve it? Welcome sharing your ideas with me song@torreyhillstech.com<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
More about furnaces please check <a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/">http://www.beltfurnaces.com/</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-39013759004026408192015-01-05T12:36:00.002-08:002015-01-05T12:37:50.814-08:00Influence of belt furnace on engine valve heat treatment<a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/doc/Engine_Valve_white_paper.pdf">http://www.beltfurnaces.com/doc/Engine_Valve_white_paper.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Influence of belt furnace on engine valve heat treatment</b></div>
<b>What is an engine valve?</b><br />
Fig 1 shows typical engine valves. Engine valves are essential parts for engine functioning. They<br />
are located in the cylinder head and can be classified into intake valves and exhaust valves. The<br />
intake valves bring in air/fuel into chamber for combustion and the exhaust valves let exhaust<br />
out after burning. The open and close of valves are decided by the cylinder piston positions. A<br />
detailed explanation by Marshall Brain on how engine works can be found at<br />
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine4.htm.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGDxqshcBqbKdlGoeYkGaoAGNztSoS9O1-mZbZCjvHTtsyAX6Kd_oYy0Pbb2Q_d5Rv4JzG4f3GlwY89_ztWiQTHOGRXf1Je4-8jHbLbZvRBkUgxJxnVjyx0UcYa2XZNvdDcVq3BGiiPnc/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGDxqshcBqbKdlGoeYkGaoAGNztSoS9O1-mZbZCjvHTtsyAX6Kd_oYy0Pbb2Q_d5Rv4JzG4f3GlwY89_ztWiQTHOGRXf1Je4-8jHbLbZvRBkUgxJxnVjyx0UcYa2XZNvdDcVq3BGiiPnc/s1600/1.png" height="306" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Fig 1. Typical engine valves (Courtesy of online picture http://www.plxsport.com/atv-partsvalvetrain-wiseco-titanium-intake-valve-suzuki-ltr-450?att_id=0)<br />
Engine valves heat treatment description<br />
The working conditions of engine valves are severe. Doug Kaufman states that intake valves<br />
typically run at the range of 800F—1000F (427C-538C) while exhaust valves typically run at<br />
1200F—1450F (649C-788C), due to the temperature difference of intake gas and exhaust.<br />
Besides high temperature, valve also experiences cyclic loading. A valve can open and close<br />
dozens of times per second.<br />
Because of the high working temperature and strength required in such conditions, heat<br />
resistant steels are often used. Besides proper material selection, proper heat treatment is<br />
essential in manufacturing high performance engine valves. It is vital to create the desired<br />
properties like strength, wear resistance, toughness, fatigue strength, hardness and<br />
microstructure.<br />
Normal heat treating methods include annealing, normalizing, tempering and hardening. To<br />
decide a specific heat treatment process, alloy phase diagram (Fig. 2) is the fundamental tool. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2o4JUCaq7tLt74vybuKYJgO7K9OXv2TB6SlJh8pYyjzzbbhyphenhyphenUZElay5vcMfFHx_BUqxqLHqOHqonUSKEPLmVFMVJ_WVXUiF0MX3t5omWTMv6JUQtZrZWuXaOY9_bvLbmcRvzs2UwKsnMq/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2o4JUCaq7tLt74vybuKYJgO7K9OXv2TB6SlJh8pYyjzzbbhyphenhyphenUZElay5vcMfFHx_BUqxqLHqOHqonUSKEPLmVFMVJ_WVXUiF0MX3t5omWTMv6JUQtZrZWuXaOY9_bvLbmcRvzs2UwKsnMq/s1600/2.png" height="467" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Fig 2.Fe-C phase diagram (Courtesy of online source http://www.calphad.com/iron-carbon.html)<br />
A typical heat treating process for VAZ PASSENGER CARS engine valves was published in.<br />
Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 6- 9, 1996. Several major<br />
steps in the heat treatment process for inlet valves includes:<br />
1) Preliminary heat treatment, annealing to around 700C for 3—4 hours to obtain<br />
Spheroidized pearlite with certain hardness.<br />
2) Stabilizing annealing. Hold 2-3 hours at 600 - 620°C to release stress and eliminate<br />
warping issues that might occurred in other process<br />
For outlet valves the heat treatment process is a little different because of the quality<br />
requirement difference between inlet and outlet valves.<br />
HSK fast firing furnace for engine valve heat treatment<br />
The HSK series fast fire furnace heats from ambient to 1050C in approximately 40 minutes and is<br />
designed to sustain continuous on/off heating and cooling cycles resulting from alternating<br />
periods of production and non-use. It features an ultra-clean low-mass refractory heating<br />
chamber equipped with FEC (Fully Enclosed Coil) heaters formed into ceramic insulation panels.<br />
<br />
With the use of advanced insulation materials, lower thermal capacity enables the furnace to<br />
warm up and cool down very quickly and lose less heat to the environment.<br />
To prevent valves from falling off the belt, a hearth plate with walls can be incorporated within the<br />
furnace. The belt would travel through the furnace on a metal hearth plate with side walls, which would<br />
prevent products from falling off the belt.<br />
Appendix I shows the brief technical details of a HSK fast firing furnace.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqZ4qbDWIdgtSg36OS4cFgRJ2coF91jSX_nA5WPDhMeWeQDiTQ-gtHj3vlDnmegca64ft1asX2DWZG7bneUN-PDxwOI_yUJlvoz_tiM2c7tnuN6DfMytmBKnDq_04qweabFlMQttZGbqnR/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqZ4qbDWIdgtSg36OS4cFgRJ2coF91jSX_nA5WPDhMeWeQDiTQ-gtHj3vlDnmegca64ft1asX2DWZG7bneUN-PDxwOI_yUJlvoz_tiM2c7tnuN6DfMytmBKnDq_04qweabFlMQttZGbqnR/s1600/3.png" height="233" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
APPENDIX I<br />
Technical Specification for Model HSK Series Conveyor Furnace<br />
Main Characteristics<br />
Specification HSK2505-0611<br />
Rated Temperature 1,050 deg. C<br />
Belt Width 250mm/10"<br />
Above Belt Clearance 50mm/2.0"<br />
<br />
Specification HSK2505-0611<br />
Heating Length 2700 mm/106.3"<br />
Cooling Length 1240 mm/48.8"<br />
Control Zones 6<br />
Conveyor Speed 30-200mm(1.2"-8")/min<br />
Overall System Width 1200 mm/47.2"<br />
Overall System Length 6905 mm/272"<br />
Overall System Height 1350mm/53"<br />
Typical Temp. Uniformity +/-3 deg. C<br />
Net Weight 1,200kg<br />
Power<br />
AC 220-480V, 3 phase, 5 wire, 50/60 Hz, 42 kW<br />
Power draw at normal operating conditions: <15kw p=""><br />
References<br />
[1]. Kiyoshi FUNATANI. HEAT TREATMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS: CURRENT<br />
STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS. Trans. Indian Inst. Met.Vol.57, No. 4, August 2004, pp.<br />
381-396<br />
[2]. Doug Kaufman. Understanding Valve Design and Alloys<br />
[3]. IIT BOMBAY. Design for heat treatment, online presentation<br />
[4]. A. N. Cherdantsev, A. N. Makar'ev, V. P. Akhant'ev, I. N. Kaplina. Technology for heat<br />
treatment of engine valves of VAZ passenger cars. Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya<br />
Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 6- 9, 1996.<!--15kw--></15kw>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-17436990694202694802014-09-22T13:10:00.001-07:002014-09-22T13:10:33.218-07:00A wonderful Battery show<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3pblKbynDQ8K49twRPqMGuZNo4eHivLLvK64g2z3A9cJikWOYcvVMIdBC0b-GOyX5F0GTvbeyMQNihNupg4Z4TDo2PjvpacVvbrvnmbT6rz8oLFSR1yerKZJBGf5o4m9Bc1xXX3kArBNr/s1600/2014-09-16+09.57.16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3pblKbynDQ8K49twRPqMGuZNo4eHivLLvK64g2z3A9cJikWOYcvVMIdBC0b-GOyX5F0GTvbeyMQNihNupg4Z4TDo2PjvpacVvbrvnmbT6rz8oLFSR1yerKZJBGf5o4m9Bc1xXX3kArBNr/s1600/2014-09-16+09.57.16.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Big truck at the show place</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi755XTgJk-MDdlpkuEA26-dKithhYIh_5zcFmR_PdYvQ_1kedChhHm9_72AlW2WphyNcx-Nz9iWVkqlIGRrMuPBn-63Rk_RdOTTNIgpxlhKjEcHkCsB8ad8acZnqu0c_QKoZTZExBVNQhO/s1600/2014-09-16+10.08.21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi755XTgJk-MDdlpkuEA26-dKithhYIh_5zcFmR_PdYvQ_1kedChhHm9_72AlW2WphyNcx-Nz9iWVkqlIGRrMuPBn-63Rk_RdOTTNIgpxlhKjEcHkCsB8ad8acZnqu0c_QKoZTZExBVNQhO/s1600/2014-09-16+10.08.21.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Our belt furnace booth E1247</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg26hPolSEas3IG4SLOpQfodUFt1mEgX0Mp8G-gMGt6JSgxG-JaGg-g5zn0Jz05wDH3nPH6fyXdpWUY-aRvGz5LPREQGP3Sfygn-qVTsB4vvdGds2Im3basbtX1qG5AT6hevzDmf6IkQc1r/s1600/2014-09-16+10.39.04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg26hPolSEas3IG4SLOpQfodUFt1mEgX0Mp8G-gMGt6JSgxG-JaGg-g5zn0Jz05wDH3nPH6fyXdpWUY-aRvGz5LPREQGP3Sfygn-qVTsB4vvdGds2Im3basbtX1qG5AT6hevzDmf6IkQc1r/s1600/2014-09-16+10.39.04.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Furnace Guy with happy customers</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXeuZ6529Szci2uaTiGdAy0E3Bevaiz47zUdo5lBT_RJfaNa2uBrcPuMxKIdcGNyNPOqHzAc_GtfbFD5w4tt7Xje4F_C0tnpY59GC_XJOGsYeH2Ws9-apfVhTPzQDT1Jzsmcsvajf9wU-p/s1600/2014-09-16+15.23.13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXeuZ6529Szci2uaTiGdAy0E3Bevaiz47zUdo5lBT_RJfaNa2uBrcPuMxKIdcGNyNPOqHzAc_GtfbFD5w4tt7Xje4F_C0tnpY59GC_XJOGsYeH2Ws9-apfVhTPzQDT1Jzsmcsvajf9wU-p/s1600/2014-09-16+15.23.13.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Electric motorbike</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK2fojU9MnVug-ozuoGyI07BYsNDdCKGweO5Y2vH6R8J73Wag-mZRG8B1HMqKk5SHw9_SLPtCbOJBBMXOnlcv0NEcPxNtde3wPFfUZuNJ3v7_4d68E06ppU-tWH06qpugqUzbVNNE0htK5/s1600/2014-09-16+15.39.15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK2fojU9MnVug-ozuoGyI07BYsNDdCKGweO5Y2vH6R8J73Wag-mZRG8B1HMqKk5SHw9_SLPtCbOJBBMXOnlcv0NEcPxNtde3wPFfUZuNJ3v7_4d68E06ppU-tWH06qpugqUzbVNNE0htK5/s1600/2014-09-16+15.39.15.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Thanks Soulbrain for the nice poster</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Please contact song@torreyhillstech.com for any furnace related questions.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
http://www.beltfurnaces.com/</div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-23073482627408664292014-08-26T16:25:00.001-07:002014-08-26T16:25:16.065-07:00Questions for furnace? We have the answers!<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
1) How can we conduct a gas/energy consumption analysis and optimize the gas/energy usage for a muffle furnace?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
To protect the muffle, a muffle furnace usually stays powered on at all times.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Gas consumption depends on the furnace sides, as well as the oxygen content requirement. When the furnace is not working with a load (during night shift, for example) the <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_3_0_2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">gas flow</a></nobr> can usually be turned down to 30% - 40% of the working rate.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
With an optimized structure and superior insulation design, our furnace is energy efficient. After reaching the required profile, the heating elements will work at about 50% or less of the maximum power output. This extends the lifespan of heating elements, and saves power. When the furnace is not working with a load, the insulation power of empty furnace is usually 20% - 35% of the max power output.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
2) What are common spare parts that a customer should stock to guarantee uninterrupted operation of a belt furnace? How often are these parts replaced?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Typical spare parts include a belt, a brush, a Solid State Relay, a cooling fan, a thermal couple, heating elements, et cetera. Under normal working condition, our furnaces can run 3-4 years without needing any major parts replaced.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
3) What does a customer need to do to prepare for a belt furnace installation?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
The following elements must be ready before the belt furnace can be installed:</div>
<ul style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<li style="font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none;">- Power Supply</li>
<li style="font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none;">- <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_5_0_4" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">Gas Supply</a></nobr></li>
<li style="font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none;">- Exhaust System</li>
<li style="font-size: 12px; list-style-type: none;">- Water Cooling System</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Our engineers will issue clear <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_6_0_5" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">instructions</a></nobr> on this preparation beforehand.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
4) Is there a device that can be installed in a belt furnace to prevent parts from falling off of the belt?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Yes. A hearth plate with walls can be incorporated within the furnace. The belt would travel through the furnace on a metal hearth plate with side walls, which would prevent products from falling off the belt.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
5) What types of control systems will work with the belt furnace’s operation system?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
- Direct controllers on the furnace will offer basic control of parameters, such as zone temperature, belt speed, et cetera.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
- A Windows-based <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_2_0_1" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">industrial computer</a></nobr> control system allows for easy profile setting, storage of multiple <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_4_0_3" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">profiles</a></nobr>, an straightforward working status monitor, and easy access to all operating data history.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
- Beckhoff <nobr><a class="FAtxtL" href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html#" id="FALINK_1_0_0" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; color: rgb(28, 125, 255) !important; display: inline !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important;">embedded</a></nobr> control systems are suitable for customers that require a Beckhoff embedded control system.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
6) What is the most common type of gas used to form a gas curtain in the furnace?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Nitrogen is most commonly used for a gas curtain. It is inert, safe, and effective in keeping air out of the furnace. Additionally, the cost is relatively low.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
7) What is a FEC heater?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
FEC stands for Fully Enclosed Coil, which means that the heating wires are embedded within the ceramic fiber boards. This design protects the heating wires, and also provides power distribution evenly in order to maintain the temperature uniformity.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
8) What is a commonly used insulation material in a furnace?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Alumina silicate fiber is a high performance insulation material commonly used in our furnaces. It has small density, as well as good energy saving performance.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
9) What are the requirements for a cooling water system?</h3>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Usually, the cooling water needs to meet requirements for pressure. Also, a proper corrosion inhibitor must be added.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-top: 3px;">
Still have a question? Ask song@torreyhillstech.com</h3>
<div>
http://www.beltfurnaces.com/faq.html</div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-58851049516580226812014-08-18T17:00:00.001-07:002014-08-18T17:00:21.314-07:00Torrey Hills Tech will join Battery Show with its furnace systems for Li battery manufacturing<span style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;">Taking place September 16-18 2014, in Novi, Detroit, Michigan, The Battery Show 2014 is the premier showcase of the latest advanced battery technology. </span><div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;">Torrey Hills Technologies(</span></span></span><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;">http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;">) will be introducing its belt furnace systems for battery manufacturing to all the exhibitors. Li ion battery manufacturing requires Ar/N2/H2 protective atmosphere at relatively high temperature.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;">Torrey Hills Tech HSA series furnaces are the best choice for Li ion battery manufacturing.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.428571701049805px;"><span style="color: #636363; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><div>
The HSA series furnace is an efficient furnace designed and used for heat treatment </div>
<div>
for processes such as LiFePO4. It features a low mass refractory heating chamber equipped </div>
<div>
with ceramic FEC (Fully Enclosed Coil) heating board. The HSA furnace has 6 independent </div>
<div>
zones able to reach 1150˚C, temperatures high enough to heat treat lithium iron phosphate. </div>
<div>
The temperature profiles are able to run at the desired heating rate to meet the required </div>
<div>
sintering temperatures under controlled atmosphere. Gas is independently controlled for the </div>
<div>
adjustment of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, and argon inflow. Temperature control zones allow the </div>
<div>
furnace to run at the proper heating rate to meet the needs for firing and curing. The </div>
<div>
conveyor system allows proper heating across the belt with little temperature variations. The </div>
<div>
furnace is monitored by type K thermocouples with each zone monitored by single loop PID </div>
<div>
temperature controllers. This enables precise and stable temperature control throughout the </div>
<div>
heating process to the cool down. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The furnace is large enough to handle manufacturing processes for LiFePO4</div>
<div>
applications. It has a 14” (35cm) belt width and a 130” (330cm) heated length. The conveyor </div>
<div>
system can run at speeds of 1-8 Inches/min. The HSA furnace is protected from </div>
<div>
overheating, over loading, and low gas pressures. It also comes equipped with anti shock </div>
<div>
protection on the doors during maintenance. Technical information and training will be given </div>
<div>
upon installation of the furnace to ensure proper practice for continued use. Emergency </div>
<div>
buttons and removable collection traps are also located on each end of the furnace. For the </div>
<div>
cleaning system, there is a rotating motor metal brush that cleans the belt so future products </div>
<div>
will not be contaminated.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Have any question? Contact song@torreyhillstech.com</div>
</span></span></div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-10530421872003017612014-08-11T16:07:00.002-07:002014-08-12T16:51:11.130-07:00Torrey Hills Technologies Hengli brand furnace win silver award!<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
(SAN DIEGO, CA, Aug. 5, 2014) – Torrey Hills Technologies, LLC (THT) and Hengli Eletek, Co. Ltd were jointly named as a Silver winner in Most Innovative Product of the Year in the Enterprise category of Best in Biz Awards 2014 International, for inventing a volatile organic compound (VOC) removal / thermal oxidizing system. Best in Biz Awards are the only independent business awards program judged by members of the press and industry analysts. Other winners of this prestigious award include Toshiba, Dell, BlackBerry, Epson, Lenovo, and more. For a full list of gold, silver and bronze winners in Best in Biz Awards 2014 International, visit: http://intl.bestinbizawards.com/intl-2014-winners.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
<img src="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/img/HENGLI_AST1003-0304N_Silver.jpg" height="270" style="border: 1px solid rgb(209, 211, 212); float: left; margin: 0px 20px 10px 0px; padding: 1px;" width="500" /> </div>
<div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Concerned about the negative impacts of modern manufacturing on environment, the Hengli/THT team designed a ground-breaking VOC removal system for their model AST belt furnace. Connected to the furnace exhaust, the VOC removal system eliminates VOC emissions before reaching outside air. Widely used in electronics manufacturing as solvents that are dried on a belt dryer and exhausted into the air, VOCs are one of the top causes for smog. The electronics manufacturing process contributes a significant portion of VOCs to air pollution, yet THT and Hengli are the first to achieve a green solution that allows VOCs to be oxidized into CO2 before being released into the ambient air.</div>
<div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
<img src="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/img/BIB_Silver.jpg" height="355" style="border: 1px solid rgb(209, 211, 212); float: left; margin: 0px 20px 10px 0px; padding: 1px;" width="500" /></div>
<div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
“It was a pleasure to collaborate with Hengli on this important solution," said Ken Kuang, President and CEO of THT. “We are honored to be named as Silver winner for the 2014 Best in Biz Awards, and we are confident about the positive impact of this technology on environment.”</div>
<div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Torrey Hills Technologies, LLC (<a href="http://www.torreyhillstech.com/" style="color: black;"> http://www.torreyhillstech.com</a> , <a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/" style="color: black;">http://www.beltfurnaces.com</a> ) is a leader in developing and delivering quality yet affordable equipment and supplies for multiple industries. Since its establishment, the company has expanded its business from microelectronics packaging components to large-scale furnace equipment for semiconductor packaging, circuit board assembly, advanced materials processing and solar cell manufacturing. Headquartered in San Diego, Calif., the company now has customers located around the world in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.</div>
<div style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Hengli Eletek Co., Ltd. was founded in 1992 with the mission to become a leading supplier of thermal processing solutions to the global electronics and materials markets. Hengli products have been highly appreciated by customers from more than 20 countries located in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">
Best in Biz Awards recognizes top companies, teams, executives and products for their business success as judged by established members of the press and industry analysts. Best in Biz Awards honors are conferred in three separate programs: North America, EMEA, and International. For more information, please visit the official web site: http://www.bestinbizawards.com.</div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-45144068034387058752014-04-03T09:46:00.000-07:002014-04-03T09:46:42.821-07:00Ultrasonic Belt Cleaner/Cleaning for Belt Furnaces - A Presentation<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">An ultrasonic belt cleaner utilizes ultrasound technology with transducers, which are positioned in the cleaning tank. These transducers emit sound waves in a purifying solvent, which thoroughly scours the belt on conveyor belt furnaces. Compared to metal brush cleaning, this method cleans the belt faster, with more precision and consistency. For more information, please visit <a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/">www.beltfurnaces.com</a>.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="400" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/33089970" width="476"></iframe>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-34603934338354125182013-11-06T10:16:00.000-08:002014-08-26T16:07:10.906-07:00Influences of Belt Furnace on Post Mold Cure Process<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
Please contact song@torreyhillstech.com for any question on belt furnace.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 11.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Post </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">mold cure (PMC) </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">is</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> one of the most significant
processes in electrical industry. This</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> process</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">expos</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">es </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">part o</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">f</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mold to elevated
temperatures </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">in
order to</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> speed up the curing process and to optimize
some physical properties of the material</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> The PMC process </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">will <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK3">expedite</a> the cross-linking process
and properly align the polymer's molecules</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> to make a stronger part with better high temperature
characteristics. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Much like tempering
steel, post curing thermoset</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ting</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> can </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">improve</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> physical properties above what the material would normally
achieve at room temperature</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, such as </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tensile strength,
flexural strength, and </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">can modify the temperature of heat distortion. Moreover, post
mold cure process is the most common strategy used today for warpage problem
solution. Finally, it can also deal with the outgassing phenomenon during IC
package.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Given the benefits
of PMC processing, it is widely used in the electrical device industry. It is
easy to find the application of PMC in many facilities and there are a large
number of companies using PMC on their products. Figure 1 shows various chips that
have been packaged using PMC processes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="http://i01.i.aliimg.com/wsphoto/v0/447854959/-font-b-IC-b-font-chip-new-MCP130T-270I-TT.jpg" id="_x0000_i1032" style="height: 187.2pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 330.6pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="-font-b-IC-b-font-chip-new-MCP130T-270I-TT" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6PsA9ctEif3Q5KVddGYZHX0tR_yyy1-v_57ku1YaY2aEw1c6ou0P-8Ds00GH1EKsPL2E7-3Gah7MOpIu0D9jhtxfvuWryWNMJtzsJgVngZalSGC96jz-sz6Y0Zo9thuuWzCr5U9Jv9SL/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6PsA9ctEif3Q5KVddGYZHX0tR_yyy1-v_57ku1YaY2aEw1c6ou0P-8Ds00GH1EKsPL2E7-3Gah7MOpIu0D9jhtxfvuWryWNMJtzsJgVngZalSGC96jz-sz6Y0Zo9thuuWzCr5U9Jv9SL/s320/1.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Fig.1</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"> Products of PMC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">PMC Process in IC
Encapsulation<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> There are two major manufacturing steps
in IC encapsulation industry. For the first step, the IC chip would be
encapsulated into a thermosetting <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK75"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK74">epoxy mold compound</a> (EMC), which is
the most common plastic material for IC package manufacture today. This
pelletized compound is injected into a hot mold die to form the body around the
IC die. And after the plastic injection, the mold is cured. The object of this
step is to achieve good fill and partial cure of the mold.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> The second step
of the process is the post mold cure (PMC) process. The goal of this step is to
increase degree of cure and reduce warpage in an IC chip. In order to optimize
properties, the PMC process provides a critical completion of the cure process to
complete the chemical cross-linking of the material. During PMC, <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">the material experiences additional molecular
rearrangement and greater efficiency of molecular collisions <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK14"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK1">resulting
in a greater degree of cross linking</a>. The heating can also cause any
residual peroxide to break apart and initiate some additional chains.</span> <span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Generally, a PMC
heating process can be divided into three heating stages, assuming that heating
process in the furnace is uniform. In the first stage, products are heated from
room temperature <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK19"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK18">25</a></span><sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
o</span></sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> to post mold cure temperature 175</span><sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> o</span></sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> in a short time. In the second stage,
the temperature is held constant for several hours. In the final stage, the
product is cooled from 175</span><sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> o</span></sup><span style="color: #3b3a3a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> to room
temperature in a short interval. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Applications
of PMC<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Post mold cure has been applied by many
electronics companies, especially semiconductor designers and manufacturers. Table
1 shows various products that have benefited from PMC to achieve better
performance as well as some companies associated with them. From the table, it
is easy to see PMC technique is widely used in electronic market by a wide
range of corporations. If your company requires better device performance, PMC
processing is an easy choice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Table1</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">. Some
products and companies using PMC process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Products<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Companies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">IC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Intel; Samsung; Toshiba; SK Hynix;
IBM; Sony; AMD; Freescale; Marvell; Nvidia; Qualcomm; Anadigics; Cree;
Infineon; ST’s; Microsemi; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK49"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK48">Silicon Labs;</a> TI; Vishay; IR; NXP;
Intersil; Amkor; Spansion; Renesas;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Packaging<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ASE</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">; Intel; TSMC; Microsemi; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK63"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK62">SPIL;</a>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK67"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK66">QuickLogic;</a>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK69"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK68">SMIC;</a>
UMC; Globalfoundries; Amkor; UTAC;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">RF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">power amplifier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK21"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK20"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK13"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK12"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK23"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK22"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK25"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK27"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK26">TI; TriQuint;
</a>RFMD; Cree; Anadigics; Maxim Integrated;</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Infineon; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK33"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK32">NXP;</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK37"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK36">ST’s;
</a>Avago; Semtech; ADI; Linear; Macom; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK45"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK44">Freescale;</a>
Microsemi; ONsemi; Lattice;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Memory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Samsung; </span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elpida</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">; ISSI; Micron; Maxim; Integrated;
Microsemi; SK hynix; NEC; Panasonic; Toshiba; SPIL; OSE; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK71"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK70">Spansion; </a>Winbond<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK73"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK72">;
</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">FPGA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Xilinx; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK59"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK58">Altera;</a>
Atmel; Microsemi; Lattice<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK57"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK56">;</a> QuickLogic; Actel; Vantls;
Cypress; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ASIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">LSI Logic; Toshiba;</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Attenuators<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;
TriQuint; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK35"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK34">RFMD;</a> Avago; Peregrine; Analog;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">RF passive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;
TriQuint; RFMD; PPI; Macom; Microsemi; ONsemi; RCD;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Transistor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">TriQuint;
NXP; ST’s; Avago; ONsemi; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Diodes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK29"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK28"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> NXP; ST’s; Avago; Macom; Microsemi;
Vishay; ONsemi; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mixers/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">multipliers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK31"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK30">TriQuint;</a>
RFMD;NXP; Avago; ADI; Linear; Peregrine; TI; Vishay; Analog;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Filters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks;
TriQuint; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK39"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK38">Avago; </a>Macom; TI; ONsemi; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Modulator/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">demodulator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks; TriQuint; RFMD; NXP; ST’s;
Micron; Avago; Linear; Microsemi; Analog;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Switches<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Skyworks; RFMD; Infineon; NXP; Maxim Integrated; ST’s; Avago; ADI; Macom; Peregrine; Microsemi; TI;
Vishay; ONsemi; Analog;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Die/wafer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 347.4pt;" valign="top" width="579"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; tab-stops: 197.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">TSMC; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK51"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK50">TI; Fairchild;</a>
Vishay; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK53"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK52">IR;</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK55"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK54">Cypress;</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK65"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK64">SPIL;</a>
SMIC; Amkor; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Influences of PMC on
Material Properties<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.65pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It is the epoxy molding compound (EMC)
that determines the properties resulting from PMC process. Epoxy is the vital
part of EMC. It will directly affect the flow characteristics of EMC as well as
impact the EMC thermal performances and electrical characteristics. Table 2
shows some commonly used epoxy resins and their characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Table 2</span></b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">. Some
epoxy resins and their characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">O-cresol-type
epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">High thermal
stability and chemical stability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bisphenol A
type epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Low
shrinkage and low-volatile component<span style="color: red; letter-spacing: .65pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Multi-functional-type
epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Excellent
thermal stability, fast curing and high Tg <span style="color: red; letter-spacing: .65pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Biphenyl-type
epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Low
viscosity, high filling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tea-type
epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">High Tg,
high-heat-resistant<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Modified
epoxy resin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;" valign="top" width="369"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Good
flexibility<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> A PMC
process involves placing the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK11"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK10"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK9">molded articles </a>in a forced-air furnace and
thermally treating them to a series of increasing temperatures for various
times. The program of times and temperatures is referred to as the cure
schedule or cure cycle. During the PMC process, the molecular <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK17"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK16">weight</a>
of the polymer increases by chain extension. And as the molecular weight
increases virtually all mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties are changed.<span style="color: red;"> </span>Figure 2 illustrates how physical properties change during
a PMC process. After PMC, the physical properties of objects are substantially
increased.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 129.6pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 202.2pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> <v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 131.4pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 204.6pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzO8ukAV8OAEewR4_uRDhBBYeNDktVSzGez4LKqvAVrAkLFhsxAqSFIYMdQUgFLBSx5G1H5SZLPssLwBmIRC0A3CfZ57wE6DLAUV14ZVgtWbPT76Gh4SXB0N8-6DYG17DpdJ_5hhDQFpqQ/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzO8ukAV8OAEewR4_uRDhBBYeNDktVSzGez4LKqvAVrAkLFhsxAqSFIYMdQUgFLBSx5G1H5SZLPssLwBmIRC0A3CfZ57wE6DLAUV14ZVgtWbPT76Gh4SXB0N8-6DYG17DpdJ_5hhDQFpqQ/s400/2.jpg" height="281" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 120%; margin-left: 109.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Fig.2</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"> Physical
properties changes of cure circle: (a) Tensile strength; (b) Flexural strength;
(c) Heat deflection Temperature; (d) Shrinkage; The specimens are Torlon 4203L,
3 mm (1/8 inch) thick.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> <span style="color: #222222;">PMC can
prevent problems such as warpage during encapsulation in chip packages. In IC
encapsulation, one of a prevalent and troublesome EMC defect is warpage. Fortunately,
PMC is an efficient method to alleviate the warpage problem during
encapsulation. </span>PMC is also one of the principal tools to mitigate
outgassing. PMC can remove the volatiles from the cross-linked plastic
material. If the volatiles are not removed and the EMC is exposed to elevated
temperatures with poor ventilation, one will observe deteriorations in
strength, elongation, compression set properties accompanied by chemical
decomposition. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK7"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK6">Insufficient or poor PMC can result in “smoke”,
bubbling, delamination and unsightly sticky surface deposits.<o:p></o:p></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> To achieve a satisfactory PMC process,
the furnace must be tuned to optimize the cure process, which can only be
achieved through high quality temperature control.<span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Furnace
Selection of PMC<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Selecting a suitable furnace requires
knowledge of the temperature, time and atmospheric conditions of the process.
Basically, PMC furnaces can be divided into batch furnaces and continuous
furnaces. Batch furnaces are suitable for any part size but limited with
respect to production volume. As batch furnaces use the same door to load and
unload the part, these furnaces can only produce one batch at a time. A
continuous furnace uses a conveyor-belt to continuously move parts through the
furnace. So it is suitable for high volume production. Figure 3 shows a Hengli
continuous belt furnace.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="图片_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 216.6pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 227.4pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="APPLIC~1" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdbZ2oRbO8TsZ7mkyryxyR5at45Pa_atw-oOiolmfMTTj8RTKNHjxE9FtHmwU3LY1-6Qyk2L_rDfSHqxx45RtW6UcI5ue1Y6eaUXCu9b-ZzFNOVPEtcBqCeOJOnz2G0svJcGBbS5Hamag/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdbZ2oRbO8TsZ7mkyryxyR5at45Pa_atw-oOiolmfMTTj8RTKNHjxE9FtHmwU3LY1-6Qyk2L_rDfSHqxx45RtW6UcI5ue1Y6eaUXCu9b-ZzFNOVPEtcBqCeOJOnz2G0svJcGBbS5Hamag/s320/3.jpg" height="235" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Fig 3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"><a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html"> A Hengli continuousbelt furnace</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Furnace technology, economics and part
quality influence the decision of using a continuous or a batch operation. The
economics questions center around cost of ownership, which can include initial
cost, operating costs, repair costs, product yields and return on investment.
Quality issues often are associated with process stability, quality and
consistency, while technology focuses on ease of operation, process definition,
thermal cycles, temperature requirements, atmosphere conditions, weight of
product and desired throughput. Issues and their relative importance depend on different
situations. <span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Most producers are still using batch
furnaces for PMC process today, but as many studies and discussions have pointed
out, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK8">it is better to use continuous furnaces for PMC
process if one wants to get a steady flow of incoming parts. </a> This is because continuous furnaces are
extremely versatile and can be employed to perform a multitude of processes.
They are an excellent choice for manufacturing medium and high volume products.
There are a great number of advantages of converting the batch process to
continuous, such as: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 1) Superior art to
part temperature uniformity; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 2) Increased
throughput; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 3) Process
combination; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 4) Lower up-front investment;
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 5) Reduced
changeover times; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 6) Part loading
flexibility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> A continuous furnace is ideal for
processes requiring high production volumes, process consistency, and precision
control. All components can go through the furnace smoothly. And during the
furnace process, as the continuous furnace can serve consistent heating
process, the consistency of products could be ensured in a high level. The
defects will also be effectively prevented and eliminated. Furthermore, a
continuous furnace can greatly improve the production efficiency by being
continuously available, rather than intermittently (as is the case for the
batch furnace, which must heat up and cool down). In addition, a good
continuous furnace is often much more <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK43"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK42">compa</a>ct than
a batch furnace, which is beneficial for floor space considerations and
facility costs. Moreover, a continuous furnace is easily used for automation
offers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> When choosing continuous furnace, the air
convection heating function should be considered, too. Unlike the traditional
furnace using radiative heating, a hot air convection furnace can elevate the
temperature through convective heating, which offers an extreme uniformity to
PMC process. Figure 4 illustrates the difference between traditional radiative
heating and convective heating. More important, the hot air convection furnace
can get higher energy efficiency than conventional ovens. Additionally, with no
noise and pollution operation, a convection furnace is environmental friendly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="图片_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 137.4pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 313.2pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS8SpvvmtRqmBbd3iH4ncTJLnc0IzFEBYIecrGgg0TS8ipsDfxJU3awUcr1z6PIMFpmxAjPKSDfhxCI0A5P3FPpKx0yxLIg-n3ffQKt_ISrX5m9KuGR8aFX0Zn6B-bW9FX8QyfZmg6XDm/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS8SpvvmtRqmBbd3iH4ncTJLnc0IzFEBYIecrGgg0TS8ipsDfxJU3awUcr1z6PIMFpmxAjPKSDfhxCI0A5P3FPpKx0yxLIg-n3ffQKt_ISrX5m9KuGR8aFX0Zn6B-bW9FX8QyfZmg6XDm/s400/4.jpg" height="181" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Figure 4</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;">. Radiative heating process and convective heating process<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Furnace Control of PMC<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> For most PMC process,</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">the longer
cure profiles require longer furnaces. These furnaces are more suitable for the
inline, integrated manufacturing line used by many printed circuit board
assemblers. The PMC process needs specific
control of temperature and time, which is critical for getting excellent
performance after PMC process. If the temperature of furnace during PMC is
higher than the setting point, components are likely to be damaged, which will
cause production failures. And if the furnace temperature cannot reach the
required point, the post curing would be insufficient which will lead to a
great reduction of PMC quality. Consequently, it is vital for furnace
temperature control to achieve high quality PMC performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> As the PMC process is sensitive to the temperature,
uniform furnace temperatures are essential for the PMC process. For most cases,
5.6°C (10°F) is the greatest temperature difference between the hottest and
coldest point in an oven that can be tolerated. Generally, a hot point occurs
near the air intake while a cold point near the exhaust vent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> Controllers programmed to raise the
temperature by 0.3°C (0.5°F) per minute are recommended. Automatic shut-off and
manual reset features are also desirable. A good oven is supposed to cut off
automatically when the temperature reaches 2.8<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK5"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=223881611562660913" name="OLE_LINK2">°C </a>(5°F) above
the set point. This is required to avoid distortion of the parts which can
occur if the temperature exceeds the deflection temperature of the part.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Belt Furnace for PMC<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> The HSF series hot air convection furnace
is an efficient belt furnace designed and used for
post mold cure process. This furnace can make temperature to 400°C. It can
heat by infra-red and/or hot air circulation heating depending on your process
parameters and requirements and the temperature profiles
are able to run at
the desired heating
rate to meet
the required PMC temperatures
under controlled atmosphere. Its
air or nitrogen atmosphere can serve a completed curing process. Temperature control zones offer precise control allowing
the furnace to run
at the proper
heating rate to
meet the needs
for curing. The HSF series belt furnace can offer uniform temperature
distribution to meet the qualifications of PMC process. Its conveyor system allows
proper heating across the belt with little temperature variations. And the
HSF series furnace comes with an ultra-clean heating chamber, which can give
rapid thermal response. Figure 5 shows a HSF series furnace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><v:shape id="图片_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 174pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 296.4pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\owl\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4O6Qc3VuDHtNkAfZS-86CaZzG_dpuj96rI6lVzgyu3O3OLcgd_B083wrVtlky7C5WNO4wgEuczFcWvaedVPu6fNivrHrDXZBxAJSR-cmeufIibNwQzoznFvlNgyxW9tTxsNG_N2ncYHWY/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4O6Qc3VuDHtNkAfZS-86CaZzG_dpuj96rI6lVzgyu3O3OLcgd_B083wrVtlky7C5WNO4wgEuczFcWvaedVPu6fNivrHrDXZBxAJSR-cmeufIibNwQzoznFvlNgyxW9tTxsNG_N2ncYHWY/s400/5.jpg" height="235" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 120%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 120%;">Figure 5</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 120%;">. <a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html">A Hengli </a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 120%;"><a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html">HSF series hot air convection belt furnace</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> The furnace is long enough to handle PMC
process. To
ensure proper practice
for continued use, technical information and training will
be given upon installation of
the furnace. A microprocessor
based PID controller provides appropriate system control. Type K thermocouples
are used in determining the zone temperatures. The central processing unit
(CPU) is located at the entrance table and is available with a Windows operating
system for ease of use and the program is installed ready to control furnace
parameters such as belt speed, zone temperatures, and atmospheric conditions.
Temperature profiles can be stored and retrieved as well for future purposes. There
are programs for capturing/storing, displaying, and printing out the furnace
profile which is already included in the software. Additionally, the furnace is
equipped with a redundant overheat safety protection system which incorporates
an additional type “K” thermocouple in the center of each controlled zone and
the multi-loop alarm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> PMC is an important technology for
electrical industry. It can highly improve the properties of chips and is
widely used by a great number of companies. A large number of electronic
products and companies have used PMC for better performance. The quality of PMC
process is deeply influenced by the temperature and time, which are strongly
influenced by the furnace. A good continuous belt furnace with precise control
and convective heating will offer great conditions for PMC process. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">For more information, please check </span><a href="http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html">http://www.beltfurnaces.com/index.html</a></div>
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-47691517838797869002011-09-12T16:06:00.000-07:002011-09-12T16:06:27.073-07:00The Solar Bill of Rights<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">From: http://www.solarbillofrights.us/solar-bill-of-rights.html</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">We declare these rights not on behalf of our companies, but on behalf of our customers and our country. We seek no more than the freedom to compete on equal terms and no more than the liberty for consumers to choose the energy source they think best.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>1. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Americans have the right to put solar on their homes or businesses</span></strong><br />
<br />
Millions of Americans want to put solar on the roof of their home or business, but many are prevented from doing so by local restrictions. Some <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/federal_issues/solar_access" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">homeowners associations have prevented residents from going solar through neighborhood covenants</span></a>, which allow for the association to veto any changes to a property’s aesthetics. Some utilities and municipalities have also made it prohibitively time-consuming and/or expensive to have a system permitted or inspected.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>2. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Americans have the right to connect their solar energy system to the grid with uniform national standards</span></strong><br />
<br />
Currently, each state (in some cases, each utility) has a unique process for connecting solar systems to the local electricity grid. <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/federal_issues/interconnection" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">National interconnection standards</span></a> will create a uniform process and paperwork, creating a simple process for the homeowner and a standardized physical connection for manufacturers. Connecting a home solar system shouldn’t be any more complicated for the homeowner than setting up an Internet connection.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>3. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Americans have the right to Net Meter and be compensated at the very least with full retail electricity rates</span></strong><br />
<br />
Residential solar systems generate excess electricity in the middle of the day, when the owners aren’t usually at home. <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/federal_issues/net_metering" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Net metering</span></a> requires the utility company to credit any excess generation to the customer at full retail rates at a minimum – effectively running the electricity meter backwards when the system is generating more electricity than the occupants of the house are using. Allowing customers to net meter is critical to making solar an economically viable option for most homeowners. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The solar industry has the right to a fair competitive environment</span></strong><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span><br />
The highly profitable fossil fuel industries have received <a href="http://www.eli.org/Program_Areas/innovation_governance_energy.cfm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">tens of billions of dollars in subsidies from the federal government for decades</span></a>. In addition, fossil fuel industries are protected from bearing the full social costs of the pollution they produce. The solar energy industry and the public expect a fair playing field, with all energy sources evaluated based on their full, life-cycle costs and benefits to society. Therefore it is critical that solar energy receive the same level of support, for the same duration, as the fossil fuel industry.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>5. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The solar industry has the right to produce clean energy on public lands</span></strong><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span><br />
America has some of the <a href="http://www.seia.org/galleries/default-image/PVMap_USGermanySpain.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">best solar resources in the world</span></a>, which are often on <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/federal_issues/plant_siting" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">public lands</span></a> overseen by the federal government. But even though oil and gas industries are producing on 13 million acres of public lands, no solar permits have been approved. Solar is a clean, renewable American resource and solar development on public lands is a critical component of any national strategy to expand our use of renewable energy.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>6. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The solar industry has the right to sell its power across a new, 21st century transmission grid</span></strong><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span><br />
Over the last 100 years, the <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/transmission" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">transmission grid</span></a> in the United States has been built as a patchwork of local systems, designed and planned to meet local needs. As the needs of customers have changed, so has the way the electric industry does business. What haven’t changed are the rules crafted in an era of coal-fired power plants. What is needed now is an investment in infrastructure to connect areas rich in solar resources with major population centers.<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" name="7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>7. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Americans have the right to buy solar electricity from their utility</span></strong><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span><br />
Many utility companies have never considered offering their customers the option to purchase clean solar energy, rather than dirty energy from coal or other fossil fuels. <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/news_detail?pressrelease.id=638" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Nation-wide over 90 percent of people support increased use of solar energy</span></a>, and over three-quarters believe it should be a major priority of the federal government. Despite this, only around 25 percent of utility customers in the U.S. have the ability to actually purchase clean, renewable power from their utility, and only a fraction of those programs offer solar energy. Utilities should be required to offer the electricity source that their customers want.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Americans have the right to – and should expect – the highest ethical treatment from the solar industry</span></strong><br />
Solar energy systems are an investment as much as a physical product. Consumers deserve top-quality information and treatment from solar energy providers and installers. Consumers should expect the solar industry to <a href="http://www.seia.org/cs/news_detail?pressrelease.id=651" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">minimize its environmental impact</span></a> and communicate information about available incentives in a clear, accurate and accessible manner. Finally, consumers should expect that solar systems will work better than advertised, and that companies will make every good faith effort to support solar owners over the life of their systems. Read <a href="http://www.seia.org/galleries/pdf/Code%20of%20Ethics%20form.pdf" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">SEIA’s code of ethics</span></a>.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">Like THT on facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</span></div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-58310679888352828542011-09-01T10:44:00.000-07:002011-09-01T10:44:29.593-07:00DSSC..Similar to Semiconductors<br />
<div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The basic dye cell manufacturing steps also resemble the approaches taken by the semiconductor and packaging industry. For </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">example, a screen printer is typically used to apply titania and other layers to the Transparent Conductive Optical (TCg or TCO) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">glass. Nanocrystalline TiO2 pastes are screen printed onto the TCO glass, then dried and fired in a continuous belt furnace. The </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">sintering process allows the titanium dioxide nanocrystals to partially “melt” together, in order to ensure electrical contact and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">mechanical adhesion on the glass. All these furnaces are typically modified from standard thick film furnaces.</span><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">After dye staining and anode side application of proprietary current collectors, platinum catalyst is obtained by using the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pt-Catalyst T/SP product which can either be squeegee printed or screen-printed using a polyester mesh of 90. The solar cell </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">needs to be dried at 100°C for 10 minutes before being fired at 400°C for 30 minutes. During the assembly, sealing and filling </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">processes, TCO glass with the completed Titania layer is mated to the cathode current collector, protective glass plate, sealed, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">busbar attached to the cell and then the cell is filled with electrolyte. Custom designed, fully automated and efficient cell </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">assembly, sealing and electrolyte filling machine sets are required for these production steps. </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</span></div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-6985173275206692552011-08-31T13:17:00.000-07:002011-08-31T13:17:45.366-07:00Solar Cell Manufacturing in the Second Generation<br />
<div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Second generation solar cell, also known as thin-film solar cell (TFSC) or thin-film photovoltaic cell (TFPV), is made by depositing </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">one or more thin layers (thin films) of photovoltaic material on a substrate. The most advanced second-generation thin film </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">materials in use today are amorphous silicon (aSi), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium selenide (CigS). The </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">thickness range of such a layer is wide and varies from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers. is thin-film now the way to go? </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">There are certainly many good reasons for moving to thin films for the solar cell manufacturing process.</span><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">1. Thin film deposition. </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Copper indium gallium selenide (CigS) is used for the thin film active layers in CigS solar cells, commonly formed using </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">sputter deposition. During this vacuum-based process, a plasma of electrons and ions is created from inert argon gas. These </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ions dislodge atoms from the surface of a crystalline material which is then deposited to form an extremely thin coating on a </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">substrate. Depositing thin film by sputtering is the same process used in semiconductor manufacture and in packaging. </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">2. Thin film annealing. </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">After sputtering, the thin film needs to be annealed to achieve optimum results. it is also possible to inject additional chemicals </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">during the annealing process. An annealing furnace is similar to the brazing furnace commonly used in packaging industries. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">The muffle is typically made of SUS 316L material to ensure good corrosion resistance for the thin film solar panel’s corrosive </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">environment. A typical belt furnace can anneal up to 600 x 1200mm (23.6 x 47.2-in.) thin film solar panels after thin film </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">deposition. </span></div><div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">3. Metallization. </span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font: 10.0px Myriad Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Like its first generation cousin, the manufacture of thin film solar cells need Al or Ag screen printing metallization, originally </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">invented for the thick film process. Such metallization pastes or inks can be used on both rigid (glass, silicon) and flexible </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(polyimide, polyester, stainless steel) substrates. The metallization can be accomplished through either thermal curing or firing.</span><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></div></div><div><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica;"><br />
</span></div><div>facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div></span></div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-21077313050942840602011-08-30T09:51:00.000-07:002011-08-30T09:51:30.713-07:00The Screen-Printing Method<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The screen-printing method consists of a thick film metal paste that is composed of metal powder, glass fritt, solvent and non-volatile polymers that are blended together in a three roll mill. A squeegee applies a downward force on the paste moving it across the screen that has a deposition pattern within. This action creates a reduction in viscosity of the paste so it can penetrate into the screen holes. This way, the metal paste is deposited in select patterns onto the substrate. The factors that affect the screen-printing process include snap off distance, squeegee pressure and squeegee speed.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The snap off distance is the distance between the screen and the wafer. During the printing process, when the paste is printed onto the screen, a downward force is applied to the screen. The screen, being elastic, restores its shape and this upward movement aids in the deposition of the paste. If the snap off distance was too high, then pressure will have to be applied to force the paste onto the wafer. If it is too low, the paste might not get released from the screen. The pressure applied also plays an important role in the deposition of the paste. When too much pressure is applied, excessive paste from the screen could be deposited which can break the wafer. On the contrary, when too little pressure is applied, the paste might not get released from the screen at all. The speed of the squeegee movement also determines the print quality. If the speed is too high, the paste can miss many holes and lead to a non-uniform deposition.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">like THT on facebook: </div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div><div><br />
</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-60848573949280559402011-08-29T09:59:00.000-07:002011-08-29T09:59:25.229-07:00Principles and Advantages of Ultrasonic Belt Cleaning<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">In an ultrasonic belt cleaner, the solvent vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies. These ultrasonic waves cause extremely rapid pressure decreases and increases in the fluid. The sudden decrease develops instants where the water can no longer exist in a fluid state and, as a result, gas bubbles form. In other words, water can only exist in a liquid state above a minimum pressure (the threshold of cavitation). When the pressure decreases below the critical pressure, the water becomes a gas and evaporates. Then, at the ensuing increase in pressure, the gas bubbles will collapse again. This process of creating minute bubbles in the liquid is known as cavitation and it is responsible for the scrubbing effect that propagates ultrasonic cleaning.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Simply put, the advantages of using ultrasonic belt cleaning technology have to do with precision, speed, and consistency. Ultrasonic energy infiltrates obscure regions of the belt, which means that all areas of the belt will be categorically cleansed. Ultrasonic cleaning also works faster than any other conventional cleaning procedure in the elimination of contaminants. Due to the efficiency of ultrasonic antisepsis, the labor saving advantages designate ultrasonic technology as the preeminent economical design in cleaning furnace belts. And, unlike manual cleaning (like using a steel brush) ultrasonic technology offers incomparable cleaning consistency throughout the entire belt.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Using a steel brush as a tool for cleaning the belt, on the other hand, can often be time-consuming, imprecise, and inconsistent. A steel brush uses steel wire bristles to clean the surface area around the belt, however, due to its abrasive nature and inability to reach abstruse regions of the belt, it does not obtain the cleaning capabilities that an ultrasonic belt cleaner can easily handle.</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Like THT on facebook and receive updates on new white papers, etc:</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">facebook.com/torreyhillstech.com</div><br />
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-56483561815410426962011-08-25T09:42:00.000-07:002011-08-25T09:42:28.221-07:00What a DSSC is!<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">A dye-sensitized solar cell is composed primarily of three parts. The first part, the substrate, is the negative terminal. The substrate has a layer of transparent glass on the outside and a coating of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) on the inside. This warrants sunlight to pass through. In the center sector, a layer of dye sensitizers bind to a layer of nano-structured titanium dioxide (TiO2), where the TiO2 is connected to the negative terminal to collect sunlight. All of the layers are then immersed in an electrolyte solution to allow charge transportation. The top part is the positive terminal and it contains a coating of carbon (graphite) or platinum for the purpose of transferring electrons. The outside layer is made of transparent glass and the top and bottom divisions are joined together to prevent the centered portion from leaking.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">go to www.beltfurnaces.com for more info</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Like THT on facebook: www.facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</span>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-54885124758098204962011-08-16T10:20:00.000-07:002011-08-16T10:20:01.077-07:00A Typical Schematic of a Belt Furnace<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Conveyor_Furnace_Schematic.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="File:Conveyor Furnace Schematic.jpg" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Conveyor_Furnace_Schematic.jpg/800px-Conveyor_Furnace_Schematic.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png); background-origin: initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="800" /></a></span></span>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-26835791590763753062011-08-15T16:37:00.000-07:002011-08-15T16:37:47.815-07:00Solar Cell Process Applications for Belt Furnaces<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><u>Thick Film Processing</u></i></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">After a paste is screened onto a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Substrate"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">substrate</span></a> and it settles for 5–15 minutes at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_temperature" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Room temperature"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">room temperature</span></a>, it undergoes oven drying at 100-150°C for 10–15 minutes to remove <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Solvent"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">solvents</span></a>. Firing is then completed in conveyor belt furnaces at temperatures between 500-1000°C.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><br />
</i></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><u>Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Manufacturing</u></i></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_contact" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Electrical contact"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Electrical contacts</span></a> are usually formed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_printing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Screen printing"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">screen printing</span></a>. The firing is done in conveyor belt furnaces at a temperature of about 700°C for a few minutes. Upon firing, the organic solvents evaporate and the metal powder becomes a <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conducting_path&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Conducting path (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">conducting path</span></a> for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_current" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Electrical current"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">electrical current</span></a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><br />
</i></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><u>Thin Film Solar Cells Manufacturing</u></i><br />
A transparent <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conducting_glass&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Conducting glass (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">conducting glass</span></a>, coated with doped SnO2 or ITO film, is used as a substrate. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Thin film"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">thin film</span></a>, such as CdS, is then deposited through CSS or CBD techniques. The CdS film is heat treated by a conveyor belt furnace in a reducing atmosphere or in the presence of CdCl2 at 400-500°C.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><br />
</i></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i><u>Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Manufacturing</u></i><br />
TiO2 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoparticle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Nanoparticle"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">nanoparticles</span></a> have been used extensively to increase the interfacial surface area in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanoparticle films are generally made by screen printing a paste of titania <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocrystal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Nanocrystal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">nanocrystals</span></a> and then sintering the particles together at 450-500°C in a conveyor belt furnace.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt_furnace</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">For more info please visit THT at www.beltfurnaces.com</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-54128085864862267612011-08-12T14:07:00.000-07:002011-08-12T14:07:21.050-07:00What is a Conveyor Belt Furnace?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A <b>conveyor belt furnace</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Furnace"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">furnace</span></a> that uses a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Conveyor"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">conveyor</span></a> or belt to carry process parts or materials through the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Primary_heating_chamber&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Primary heating chamber (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">primary heating chamber</span></a> for rapid <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermal_processing&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Thermal processing (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">thermal processing</span></a>. It is designed for fast drying and curing of products and is nowadays widely used in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Firing"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">firing</span></a> process of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick_film" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Thick film"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">thick film</span></a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallization" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Metallization"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">metallization</span></a> processes of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar cell"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">solar cell</span></a> manufacturing. Other names for conveyor belt furnace include metallization furnace, belt furnace, atmosphere furnace, infrared furnace and fast fire furnace, to just list a few.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Normally a conveyor furnace adopts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tunnel"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">tunnel</span></a> structure and is composed of multiple controlled zones which include, but not limited to, preheating zone, binder burn out zone, heating zone, firing zone and cooling zone. A conveyor furnace also features fast thermal responses, uniform and stable <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temperature_distribution&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Temperature distribution (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">temperature distribution</span></a>; it can heat treated parts to 1050 deg. C. (may vary for different model). Belt speed of a conveyor furnace can be up to 6000mm/min. Products are heated efficiently by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_radiation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Infrared radiation"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">infrared radiation</span></a> (it can also be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_heater" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ceramic heater"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ceramic heaters</span></a> or <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IR_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="IR lamp (page does not exist)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">IR lamps</span></a>) and are dried and fired after passing through the controlled zones, followed by rapid cooling.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt_furnace#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">[</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt_furnace#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt_furnace#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><br />
</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">For more info on belt furnaces please go to www.beltfurnaces.com</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><br />
</sup></div><br />
<br />
Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-80439780857836348492011-08-11T12:49:00.000-07:002011-08-11T12:49:07.170-07:00An Educational Video on THT Furnaces<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/R6sdVtmg8Dk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>www.beltfurnaces.comTorrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-22298111884469810422011-08-09T15:31:00.000-07:002011-08-09T15:31:03.429-07:00CdTe PV panel maker First Solar to supply Sempra's 150MW Nevada plant expansion for PG&E<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;"></span><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This post is from: http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2011/AUG/FIRSTSOLAR_040811.html</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pacific Gas and Electric Company of San Francisco, CA, USA (a subsidiary of PG&E Corp) and Sempra Generation (a subsidiary of San Diego-based Sempra Energy) have entered into a 25-year contract for 150MW of renewable power from an expansion of Sempra Generation's Copper Mountain Solar complex in Boulder City, NV. </div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">First Solar Inc of Tempe, AZ, USA will provide the ground-mounted cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) panels and serve as the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor for the project.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Construction on the 1100-acre solar plant should begin in early 2012. The first 92MW of panels at Copper Mountain Solar 2 should be installed by January 2013, with the remaining 58MW due for completion by 2015. Under the terms of the contract, PG&E has the option to accelerate the commercial operation date of the second phase. When fully developed, Copper Mountain Solar 2 will produce enough electricity to power about 45,000 homes.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Copper Mountain Solar 2 is a step in Sempra’s plan to construct 1000MW of additional renewable capacity by 2015, says its president & CEO Jeffrey W. Martin. The plant is Sempra’s third and largest solar project in Nevada, and will supply power to California consumers. The power supply contract between PG&E and Sempra is subject to approval by the California Public Utilities Commission.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The combination of First Solar’s advanced thin-film PV modules with our industry-leading EPC capabilities enables us to rapidly deploy utility-scale solutions like Copper Mountain Solar 2, bringing down the cost of renewable energy,” says Jim Lamon, First Solar's senior VP of EPC, operations & maintenance.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sempra Generation and First Solar have previously teamed-up on the construction of two other large-scale solar projects in Nevada, including Copper Mountain Solar 1. The 48MW installation was completed in late 2010 and is currently the largest photovoltaic solar power plant in the USA. PG&E is currently delivering the power produced at the plant to its customers.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Like us on facebook: facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div><div><br />
</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-61876561557781290492011-08-02T10:24:00.000-07:002011-08-02T10:24:08.460-07:00Competitive Market Advantages for DSSC Manufacturing<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">The production of DSSCs incur relatively low cost: new patented technologies will result in less than $1.5 ppw for module manufacturing cost at initial production, dropping to about half this figure ($0.7 ppw) on the basis of economy of scale from multiple plants as opposed to more than $3 ppw today.</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">DSSCs have an additional advantage in that they are particularly suited to warmer climates. When hot, crystalline silicon modules lose efficiency far more than do dye cells.</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">DSSCs also work well in a wide range of lighting conditions and orientation, and they are less sensitive to partial shadowing and low-level illumination compared to silicon.</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;"><br />
</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">For more info go to www.beltfurnaces.com</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;"><br />
</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">Like Torrey Hills on facebook</li><br />
<li style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: square;">facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</li>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-52964704846478801382011-08-01T13:41:00.000-07:002011-08-01T13:41:38.432-07:00Furnace for Firing Operation in Silicon Solar Cell Manufacturing<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The HSH series furnace is a specially designed infrared furnace that caters to the needs of the photovoltaic metallization firing requirements. The heating in this furnace is achieved with the help of short wave infrared lamp heaters. The fast response of the IR lamps allow for quick heating. The furnace is rated at 1000 oC and can operate very well in the 750-800 oC range required for sintering of front contact metallization. The belt width comes in various standard sizes, including, 250mm, 300mm and 380mm to match with the requirements of the wafer size. Cooling can be achieved through forced air, as well as, water per requirement. The presence of a muffle helps to control the atmosphere within the furnace, as well as, prevent the external atmosphere from entering. In short, the muffle design helps maintain a cleaner furnace atmosphere. As a standard feature, this furnace is equipped with a steel brush and helps in the cleaning process of the conveyor belt. Ultrasonic belt cleaning is available as an extra option as well.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">A microprocessor based PID controller controls the furnace. Type K thermo-couples are used for determining the zone temperatures. Controls are located on the right hand side and can be viewed from the entrance of the furnace. The central processing unit (CPU) is mounted under the exit table. The furnace is controlled by a microprocessor based controller system and the CPU is loaded with a Windows operating system that allows for easy computing. The computer system comes with a pre-installed program for controlling the Confurnace parameters including the belt speed and the zone temperatures. Temperature profiles can be stored and retrieved for future purposes. Thermocouple ports are located at the entrance table for connecting the profiling thermocouple directly to the microprocessor. This feature allows the monitoring and recording of the actual temperature experienced by the part. Software is also provided with the computer to capture, display, printout and store the furnace profile. The furnace is equipped with a redundant overheat safety protection system which incorporates an additional type “K” thermocouple in the center of each controlled zone and the multi-loop alarm.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">For more information and specifications go to http://www.beltfurnaces.com/HSHsolar.html</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Like Torrey Hills Technologies on Facebook..</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-44477619169888003572011-07-28T11:35:00.000-07:002011-07-28T11:35:16.929-07:00Improving Energy Conversion Efficiency for Solar Cells<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">This is an excerpt from "Study of the Effect of the Firing Process to the Energy Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cells" by KIC and Top Solar...</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Over the last few years, solar cell manufacturers have strived to improve energy conversion efficiency at a lower cost. Optimizing the metal electrodes firing process in furnaces is a common way to achieve this goal. This was overlooked in the past. Most of the time, such thermal process work was done mainly by experienced engineers without much in-depth engineering study and development.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">In summary, the accurate measurment of the cell profiles and optimization of the furnace’s temperature settings during production play an important role in process control. Frequent tracking on the furnace’s temperature, collecting and analyzing measurement data can help optimize the firing process and find a suitable process window. The end result is the production of higher efficiency cells, stable production quality and reduced production cost.</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">To read the entire whitepaper go to http://www.beltfurnaces.com/KIC_Topsolar.html</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">For more information on Belt Furnaces: http://www.beltfurnaces.com</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Like Torrey Hills Technologies on facebook and get updates on whitepapers, etc..</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div><div><br />
</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-223881611562660913.post-18333947994762965682011-07-25T10:26:00.000-07:002011-07-25T10:26:16.413-07:00Wafers: Thermal Process Development<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">This is an excerpt from..</div><h2 style="clear: both; color: #886644; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">A Practical Guide for Improving Crystalline Solar Cell Efficiencies through<br />
Optimization of the Firing Process</h2><div>by Bjorn Dahle, KIC</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">As opposed to more mature industries such as semiconductor and electronics assembly, the solar industry currently does not have a clear understanding of the ideal wafer profile or process window for each unique application (wafer, silver paste, furnace and other variables). There may be numerous wafer properties and variables in the processes upstream from the metallization furnace that affect the ideal wafer profile. Therefore, each manufacturer must perform a design of experiment (DOE) to identify the best wafer profile or range of profiles (Process Window). Such a DOE typically involves changing the wafer profile while the cell efficiency, fill factor and other quality measurements are measured. The profile is changed numerous times (on identical wafers that have been processed up to the firing furnace) in a “trial and error” approach until the responsible engineer is satisfied with the cell efficiency.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The wafer profile itself is a result of the furnace settings and how the thermodynamic properties of the furnace heat and cool the wafer. A modern metallization (firing) furnace can be set up using tens of millions of alternative recipes (combination of zone temperatures and conveyor speed), making the DOE both difficult and time consuming. Even worse, when changing one profile parameter, e.g. the peak temperature, all the other parameters such as time above 500°C, time above 600°C, ramp rate, etc. also change. As a result, it becomes difficult to determine what caused the improvement in the cell efficiency.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Finally, the traditional methods to record the wafer profile suffer from inaccurate and non-repeatable measurements. This problem is caused by the method used to attach the thermocouples (TC) to the wafer. It is not uncommon to get a 50°C difference in peak temperature readings from one profile to the next when taken only minutes later. Clearly, a new TC attach method is required before any purposeful DOE can take place.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">For more info go to www.kicthermal.com and www.beltfurnaces.com</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Like Torrey Hills on facebook for updates on whitepapers, etc.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">http://facebook.com/torreyhillstechnologies</div>Torrey Hills Technologieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15496418306884243482noreply@blogger.com0