Various types of furnaces are used for brazing which mostly employ either a gaseous atmosphere or a vacuum. The overall furnace construction is based on either batch type or continuous operation. Batch operation includes retort type furnaces used for hydrogen brazing and vacuum chambers for vacuum brazing.
Retort-type Furnaces- Different from other batch-type furnaces in that they make use of a sealed lining called a retort. The retort is made of heat resistant alloys that resist oxidation. It is filled with the desired atmosphere (hydrogen, sometimes mixed with inert gas for safety reasons) and then heated externally by conventional heating elements. Due to the high temperatures, the retort is usually made of heat resistant alloys that resist oxidation. Retort furnaces are often used in batch or semi-continuous versions.
Vacuum-type Furnaces- These are a high capital investment but are extremely versatile and safe, as well as, produce high quality. It offers excellent oxide prevention and is usually used to braze materials with very stable oxides; Such as aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. The three types of Vacuum Furnaces are "single-wall hot retort", "double-walled hot retort", and "cold-wall retort". Furnaces used today are usually based on a cold-wall construction.
Continuous-type Furnaces- These are the best suited for a steady flow of similar sized parts. Often conveyor fed, these furnaces allow parts to move through the hot zone at a controlled speed. IT is common to use either a controlled atmosphere or a pre-applied flux in continuous furnaces. With very low manual labor requirements, these types of furnaces are best suited for large-scale production operations.
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