A Typical Fabrication of a CIGS Solar Cell

A typical fabrication of a CIGS solar cell encompasses the sputtered deposition of molybdenum back contact material on a substrate.  The substrate material can be a rigid soda lime glass or a flexible polyimide.  The sputtering of the back contact is followed by the deposition of the CIGS absorber layer, CDS buffer layer and the final Zno contact layer.  Molybdenum is primarily used as a back contact due to its ability to form an ohmic contact, as well as, inert behavior to corrosive gasses.  Cadmium sulphide is used with CIGS material to form an n-type semiconductor material along with a p-type CIGS absorber material.  Some of the widely used methods for depositing CdS include chemical bath deposition (CBD), sputtering and closed space sublimation (CSS).  Zno is used as the front contact material due to its superior electrical and optical properties.